Fuel imports
Fuel and power supply
A country that sits on its own oil and still cannot keep the lights on — because the fields, the refineries and the authority over them were three different things.
Conflict coverage · Syria
Context, not targeting. These records describe strategic dependence and documented disruption history. The schema has no fields for capacities, schedules, convoy composition, escort arrangements, storage or facility layout.
Supply systems3 systems Syria runs on, with 9 documented disruptions between them. Dependence is the strategic fact — a corridor matters because there is no substitute for it.
Food supply
Grain, irrigation and bread
Bread is the oldest political commitment in Syria, and the wheat that makes it grows in the one region the state spent a decade not controlling.
General trade
Border crossings and ports
Four gates and two ports carrying a country's external trade, its customs revenue and, for a decade, the argument about who was allowed to feed whom.
What the nodes are notQualifiers the records themselves carry. A node named on a corridor is not necessarily a working one — several are proposed, closed, seasonal or legacy, and each says so in the record's own words.
- Northeast oil fields (broad area) — Syria's usable crude, in Hasakah and Deir ez-Zor. Output is a fraction of pre-war levels; the fields transfer to state control under the January 2026 agreement, with revenue-sharing terms still being implemented.
- Latakia — The principal Mediterranean port, and the coastal end of the import side of the system.
- Baniyas — Refinery town and coastal terminal. Since April 2026 also the loading point for Iraqi fuel oil trucked across Syria, with reporting of 7 August putting at least 2.1 million tonnes moved overland since the corridor opened — a transit role the module records as documented but not yet durable.
- Euphrates River corridor — The valley along which the eastern fields connect to the rest of the country. Its condition and its administration govern whether crude moves at scale or informally.
- Al-Bukamal crossing — The Iraqi frontier crossing in the east — historically the land route for Iranian-aligned supply, and since 2026 part of the wider reopening of commercial traffic between the two countries. The 2026 fuel-oil corridor itself runs further north, through the Rabia–al-Yarubiyah crossing, which this module does not carry as a marker.
- Homs — The interior refining and distribution centre, at the junction of the north–south corridor and the one broad passage to the coast.
- Damascus — Principal demand centre and the place where fuel scarcity and power hours become politically visible.
- Northeast oil fields (broad area) — Referenced here for the fuel dependency rather than the grain: pumping, harvest movement and milling all run on the same supply, which is why the two north-eastern systems fail together rather than separately.
- Hasakah — Centre of the rain-fed and irrigated wheat plain — the largest single contributor to national production and the focus of procurement.
- Euphrates River corridor — The irrigated valley, and the water on which the whole eastern agricultural system depends. Upstream releases govern it.
- Raqqa — Upstream valley centre and administrative anchor for the corridor's irrigation and procurement.
- Aleppo — Northern milling and distribution centre for the plain's output.
- Damascus — Where subsidy policy is set and where shortage becomes political.
- Bab al-Hawa crossing — The principal formal gate to Türkiye and, for years, the authorised route for United Nations cross-border humanitarian access into the north-west — the subject of an annual Security Council renewal argument.
- Nasib crossing — The gate to Jordan and the Gulf overland trade route. Its opening, closure and reopening have tracked the south's political condition more closely than any other single indicator.
- Al-Bukamal crossing — The eastern gate to Iraq — historically the land route for Iranian-aligned supply and, since 2026, part of new commercial traffic between the two states.
- Latakia — The principal Mediterranean port and the main maritime entry for commercial cargo.
- Tartus — The second port, whose facility is also one of the two subjects of the outstanding basing negotiation with Russia.
- Baniyas — Coastal terminal and refinery town, and since April 2026 the loading point for the Iraqi fuel-oil transit route that enters Syria at the Rabia–al-Yarubiyah crossing in the north-east.
- Aleppo — The northern commercial centre and the distribution point for traffic arriving through the Turkish gates.
- Damascus — Customs authority, national distribution centre and the place where the revenue is spent.
Evidence and grading
- Scope
- These records describe strategic dependence and documented disruption history. The schema has no fields for capacities, schedules, convoy composition, escort arrangements, storage or facility layout, and the alternatives section describes whether redundancy exists — never which route to use.
- Confidence
- How well established Vigil considers this assessment to be. It is not a measure of how severe the situation is.