The recordWhat this system is, where it comes from, who operates it and which of Vigil’s modules it is relevant to — with the evidence each of those rests on.
Record
Conflict relevance
This is the catalogue's single record for this system. It is relevant to the module below; each module's Force Atlas shows how it is used there.
Operators
Ukraine: historical inherited fleet plus documented captured use; current scale not assessed
Battlefield role
Divisional and brigade-level fires — the backbone tube system of a war Russia has fought primarily with artillery mass.
Strengths
Available in numbers; automated loading sustains a high rate of fire; sits on the enormous Soviet 152 mm ammunition logistics base, now supplemented by North Korean supply.
Limitations
Outranged by Western 52-calibre 155 mm systems; the counter-battery environment of HIMARS, drones and Lancet-style munitions has produced some of the highest documented loss counts of any system class in the war.
Campaign relevance
Derived: a participant organisation in these campaigns carries a typed equipment association with this system. That is not the same as documented use of the system in the campaign itself.
- The Ukrainian counteroffensives, 2022–2023 September 2022 – November 2023
via Ground Forces (Documented, high confidence)
- The eastern attritional campaign Since April 2022
via Ground Forces (Documented, high confidence)
Visual identification
Tank-derived tracked hull with a very large, slab-sided boxy turret centred on the chassis; long 152 mm barrel with a prominent fume extractor; visually much bulkier than Western SPGs.
Documented conflict use
Documented in combat on the Russian side throughout the war, with open-source trackers recording hundreds of visually confirmed losses; Ukrainian use of inherited and captured vehicles is also documented.
Branch & service operators
- Ground Forces Documented
Assessed as of2026-06Last reviewed2026-07-11