ما كانت هذه الحملة
FLA and JNIM waves in April and July 2026 that took Kidal, reached Bamako's approaches and left the far north largely outside state presence. The significance is structural rather than territorial: two movements with incompatible end-states are fighting as one, and Anéfis changed hands twice inside a week.
The offensives reversed the junta's signature military achievement and demonstrated reach from the Algerian border to the capital's approaches. But their significance is structural rather than territorial: two organisations with incompatible objectives — religious rule and self-determination — are fighting as one. Whether that alignment holds is the single biggest variable in the war, and it is a political question, not a military one.
الثقة: متوسطة حتى 2026-10رُوجع 2026-10-29
ملخص
On 25 April 2026 the FLA and JNIM launched the largest coordinated offensive since 2012, reported as the first time the two openly coordinated operations. The FLA took Kidal as government and Russian forces withdrew from the far north, reportedly under negotiated terms — and not only from Kidal: Aguelhok and Tessalit were left on 27 April, Tessit in the Gao region and Ber in the Tombouctou region soon after, so the state gave up positions across three northern regions inside three days. A car bombing at Kati killed Defence Minister Sadio Camara; Islamic State Sahel — a rival of JNIM, not a participant in its offensive — occupied the vacated Labbezanga border crossing and briefly entered Ménaka town before withdrawing under reported Russian pressure; and JNIM reimposed a full blockade of Bamako on 28 April and reportedly established checkpoints on the capital's approaches. A second wave on 4 July struck Anéfis, Aguelhok, Gao, Sévaré and Kéniéroba. Fighters besieged the Anéfis base, ambushed a Malian–Africa Corps relief convoy near Tabrichat and downed an Mi-24 before a second column broke through; the army announced the town retaken on 10 July at a stated cost of about thirty soldiers. On 6 October 2026 the army and Africa Corps re-entered Kidal without a fight as the FLA withdrew under air pressure, by its own account in concert with JNIM; the town changed hands twice in 2026 without a battle for it.
الأهداف المعلنة
ما يقوله المشاركون. يذكر كل بند الموضع الذي أُعلن فيه الموقف؛ ويسجل Vigil أنه صدر، لا أنه صحيح.
The FLA's stated objective remains self-determination for Azawad; it presented the taking of Kidal as the restoration of Azawad authority in the north.
JNIM frames its campaign as the establishment of religious rule, and has repeatedly signalled openness to negotiation on its own terms.
الأهداف بحسب التقييم
قراءة Vigil، مصنّفة بدرجات. وتُفصل بنيويًا عن المواقف المعلنة كي لا يُنشر تقييمٌ أبدًا على أنه هدف أعلنه أحد.
For the FLA: convert the post-MINUSMA military situation into irreversible control of the Kidal region and standing as the north's political authority.
For JNIM: apply pressure at national scale simultaneously with the blockade, so the state cannot concentrate against either.
Shared and immediate: remove state and Russian presence from the far north, which the April withdrawals achieved.
القوات الرئيسية
- جبهة تحرير أزواد (FLA) القوة الرئيسية · الثقة: عالية · حتى 2026-07
- جماعة نصرة الإسلام والمسلمين (JNIM) القوة الرئيسية · الثقة: متوسطة · حتى 2026-07
Reported fighting alongside the FLA at Kidal and Anéfis. Operational coordination, reported and dated — not a merged command and not ideological unity.
القوات المقابلة
- قوات الدفاع والأمن المالية (FDS) قوة مقابلة · الثقة: عالية · حتى 2026-07
الداعمون والأطراف الخارجية
- الفيلق الأفريقي — دوره في مالي القوة الداعمة · الثقة: متوسطة · حتى 2026-07
Withdrew from the far north in April under reportedly negotiated terms; led the column that retook Anéfis in July, with acknowledged losses.
- MSA — حركة إنقاذ أزواد القوة الداعمة · الثقة: متوسطة · حتى 2026-10
Fighters of the MSA and of GATIA, Tuareg movements integrated into the army, rode in the roughly 120-vehicle column from Anéfis that re-entered Kidal on 6 October 2026, as RFI described it. The Daoussahak movement is also the army's local ally around Ménaka, where the state's war is with Islamic State Sahel rather than with this campaign's participants.
المشاركون بحسب التقارير
- ولاية الساحل التابعة لتنظيم الدولة الإسلامية مشارك بحسب التقارير · الثقة: متوسطة · حتى 2026-04
Seized the Labbezanga crossing during the same period. IS-Sahel is at war with JNIM and is NOT a participant in its offensive — it is recorded here because it exploited the same window, which is its documented pattern. Treating it as a co-belligerent would be an analytical error.
- كتائب التدخل السريع (BIR) مشارك بحسب التقارير · الثقة: متوسطة · حتى 2026-07
The intervention units that withdrew from the northern posts in April and relieved Anéfis in July; attribution to the class is reported.
April wave — Kidal and Kati
The FLA took Kidal as government and Russian forces withdrew from the far north, reportedly under negotiated terms — and the withdrawals extended well beyond it: Africa Corps left Aguelhok and Tessalit on 27 April, Malian troops left Tessit in the Gao region, and Ber in the Tombouctou region was given up under reported negotiation. A car bombing at Kati killed Defence Minister Sadio Camara. IS-Sahel joined on 28 April, occupied the vacated Labbezanga post and briefly entered Ménaka town before withdrawing under reported Russian pressure. JNIM reimposed a full blockade of Bamako on 28 April and reportedly set up checkpoints on the capital's approaches.
July wave — Anéfis and the capital's approaches
Attacks at Anéfis, Aguelhok, Gao, Sévaré and Kéniéroba. The Anéfis base was besieged, a relief convoy ambushed near Tabrichat, an Mi-24 downed; a second column broke through and the army announced the town retaken on 10 July at a stated cost of about thirty soldiers.
The diplomatic frame around it
Days before the July wave, Russia and the AES states pledged deeper military cooperation at Niamey; days after it, Mali and Algeria restored ambassadors and reopened their airspace. The offensive's political context moved in both directions at once.
العودة إلى كيدال، من دون معركة
Human Rights Watch's 19 October report documented the execution of at least 19 surrendered soldiers after the 18 July ambush of the convoy returning to Gao (near Tabankort by the wire services' account, near Tabrichat village by HRW's; not the 5 July relief-convoy ambush) and carried both partners' written replies: JNIM's sharia committee said the killings took place but were not ordered; the FLA rejected that its forces executed anyone — the first public divergence between them, over conduct rather than over the alliance. Air strikes on Kidal and Tinzaouatène intensified from 4 October; on 6 October the general staff announced air-ground operations in the region with its Russian partners, the FLA announced a "strategic and controlled" withdrawal it called temporary, and a column of Malian soldiers, Africa Corps personnel and MSA and GATIA fighters entered the town without resistance. An FLA cadre told RFI the withdrawal was decided with JNIM, which did not fight for the town. By 15 October the army was reported consolidating with no incident; administration and residents had not returned, and Tessalit, Aguelhok, Tessit and Ber had no reported return.
النتيجة والوضع الحالي
Ongoing and still indeterminate, with the central marker reversed once more. Kidal was re-entered by the army and Africa Corps on 6 October 2026 as the FLA withdrew with its fighters and vehicles intact into the surrounding desert, and the state's garrison was reported consolidating there in mid-October; whether it can be supplied by road, whether administration and residents return, and whether Tessalit and the other far-northern posts given up in April follow are not established. The far north remains largely outside state presence; Anéfis was retaken in July and remains a garrison at the end of a contested road. What the offensives demonstrated is geographic reach, not durable possession — on both sides now: the FLA held Kidal for five months and gave it up without a battle, as the state had. What did change is the map of the possible: the junta's signature achievement was reversed and then restored, and two movements with incompatible end-states are still fighting as one, documented for July from their own statements.
التكيّفات المرصودة
Coordination at national scale between a separatist movement and a jihadist coalition — simultaneous multi-city action rather than parallel local campaigns.
Attacks on relief and resupply columns rather than on garrisons directly: besieging a base and ambushing the column sent to it treats sustainment, not the position, as the target.
Reported use of commercial and FPV-style drones against base and drone-control infrastructure, documented from 2025 and reported in the 2026 fighting.
Successful downing of a rotary-wing aircraft, indicating anti-air capability sufficient to make helicopter movement in the north costly.
التداعيات السياسية
The reversal of the 2023 Kidal recapture removes the transitional authorities' clearest claim to security competence, with no electoral exit scheduled.
التداعيات العسكرية
State projection beyond Gao is now bounded by whether the Gao–Kidal axis can be used at all.
التداعيات الاقتصادية
Northern operations and the blockaded civilian economy compete for the same imported fuel.
التداعيات الإنسانية
The fighting displaced people from Kidal, Ménaka and the Mopti countryside, into a response funded at roughly a fifth of requirements.
الأحداث المرتبطة
المواقع
أماكن ينشرها هذا الملف أصلًا بوصفها علامات على الخريطة، وتُدرج لأن الحملة تتعلق بها. ليست منطقة عمليات.
ما لا يزال مجهولًا
- The April withdrawals from the far north are described as negotiated; the terms are not public. A negotiated withdrawal and a forced one imply very different things about both sides' positions.
- The degree of FLA–JNIM coordination is reported and widely assessed but not documented at the level of command arrangements. Simultaneity is established; a joint command is not.
- Casualty figures on all sides rest largely on the claims of participants. The army's stated cost at Anéfis is an official figure, not an independent count.
- Whether reported JNIM checkpoints on Bamako's approaches represented a sustained presence or an episode is not established.
- Whether the Kidal garrison re-established on 6 October 2026 can be supplied by road, and whether the FLA's withdrawal was the temporary repositioning it announced, are not established; the state has published no account of the town's supply and the Front's forces were not engaged.
قراءات تدعمها الأدلة أيضًا
- The northern contraction can be read as sustainment failure or as deliberate consolidation onto defensible hubs. The negotiated character of the withdrawals is the evidence that would distinguish the two, and it is not public.
- The FLA–JNIM alignment can be read as a durable strategic realignment or as a temporary convergence against a shared enemy that will break over governing arrangements. The module treats the second as at least as likely and does not assert either.
مُدرجة لأن تقييم السجل نفسه ليس التقييم الوحيد الذي تسمح به مصادره — لا بوصفها تحوّطًا من التقييم أعلاه.
أسئلة Watch التي تتصل بها هذه الحملة
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- لوجستيهل تستطيع الحكومة إمداد ما تسيطر عليه؟
- عسكريهل يصمد التقارب بين جماعة نصرة الإسلام والمسلمين وجبهة تحرير أزواد؟
- عسكريهل الدعم الخارجي للحركات الشمالية ترتيب حقيقي ومستمر — وهل يمكن إظهار ذلك يومًا؟
- سياسيهل تنتقل جماعة نصرة الإسلام والمسلمين من الغارات إلى إدارة إقليمية مستدامة؟
- عسكريهل الوجود الروسي يتنامى أم ثابت أم يتقلص — في كل دولة على حدة؟
اعرض القوة التي تدير هذه الحملة في «استكشف» تفاعلي: اختر هذا السجل وتتبّع ما يرتبط به.
التقييم حتى — 2026-10 آخر مراجعة — 2026-10-29